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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental elements such as the termites' diet and the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, a few soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might intentionally repaint themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a violation which is larger than the soldier's mind, defence requires a distinctive formations where soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the violation and bite at intruders.154 If an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony may be destroyed, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their minds, apparently to attract other troops for defence and also to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites that causes them to be alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which can be a means to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets quite tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use many different approaches to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys a corpse from the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known additional hints as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have been known to catch termites to use as a brand new food origin after on, rather than killing them. By way of instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are immediately seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis assault the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another would be to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites reside inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.